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Drugs & Medications

Drugs and medications are used to prevent and treat symptoms of diseases according to established medical guidelines. One of the most common symptoms is pain. Mild to moderate pain can usually be treated with analgesic medications, such as aspirin or ibuprofen. For chronic or severe pain, opiates and other narcotics are often used, sometimes along with analgesics; with steroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs when the pain is related to inflammation; or with anti-depressants, which can increase the effects of some pain medications without raising the actual dose of the drug, and which affect the brain’s perception of pain. Inside these forums you can discuss or seek information regarding different groups of medications.
 
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Analgesics (Pain Killers)

Analgesics are drugs that relieve pain. Analgesics include paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), narcotic drugs, synthetic drugs with narcotic properties and various others. In this forum, you can talk about acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, buprenorphine, diamorphine = heroin, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, opium, oxycodone, tramadol, etc

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Antacids

Antacids are drugs that neutralize stomach acid and relieve indigestion and heartburn in that way. Some commonly used brand names are: Alamag, Almacone, Alu-Cap, Antacid Gelcaps, Calglycine, Dicarbosil, Di-Gel, Gelusil, Losopan, Maalox, Magnalox, Mi-Acid, Mygel, Nephrox, Riopan, Uro-Mag, etc.

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Antianxiety Drugs (Sedatives)

Antianxiety Drugs depresses the central nervous system and suppress anxiety, sleepiness and relax muscles. They are also called downers or minor tranquilizers. When abused, many of these drugs could lead to unconsciousness and death. Sedatives include: barbiturates, benzodiazepines, carisoprodol, glutethimide, ketamine (Ketaset®), opioids, opium, zopiclone, etc.

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Antiarrhythmics

Antiarrhythmics control irregularities of heartbeat. Antiarrhythmics include Betapace (sotalol), Cardizem (diltiazem), Covera (verapamil), Inderal (propranolol), Isoptin (verapamil), Pacerone (amiodarone), Ethmozine (moricizine), Lopressor (metoprolol), Mexitil (mexiletine), Norpace (disopyramide), Procanbid (procainamide), Pronestyl (procainamide), Quinidex Extentabs (quinidine sulfate), Rythmol (propafenone), Tambocor (flecainide), Tenormin (atenolol), Tiazac (diltiazem), Tikosyn (dofetilide), Tonocard (tocainide), Toprol XL (metoprolol).

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Antibiotics

Antibiotics combat bacterial infection. Antibiotics include Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Polymyxin B, Amphotericin B, Erythromycin, Neomycin, Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Vancomycin, Gentamicin, Rifamycin, etc.

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Anticoagulants and Thrombolytics

Anticoagulants prevent blood from clotting while Thrombolytics dissolve and disperse blood clots. Anticoagulants include Warfarin, Heparin, Certoparin, Bivalirudin, Dalteparin, Enoxaparin etc. Thrombolytics include t-PA, reteplase, tenecteplase, anistreplase, streptokinase and urokinase.

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Anticonvulsants (Epilepsy prevention drugs)

Anticonvulsants prevent epileptic seizures. Anticonvulsants include Barbiturates: Barbexaclone, Metharbital, Methylphenobarbital, Phenobarbital, Primidone, Hydantoins: Ethotoin, Fosphenytoin, Mephenytoin, Phenytoin, Oxazolidinediones: Ethadione, Paramethadione, Trimethadione, Succinimides: Ethosuximide, Mesuximide, Phensuximide, Benzodiazepines: Clobazam, Clonazepam, Clorazepate, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Midazolam, Nitrazepam, Temazepam, Carboxamides: Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine, Rufinamide, Fatty acid derivatives: Valpromide, Valnoctamide, Carboxylic acids: Valproic acid (Sodium valproate & Valproate semisodium), etc.

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Antidepressants

Antidepressants are drugs used for treating or alleviating the symptoms of clinical depression. Antidepressants can be divided into following classes: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), Norepinephrine/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (NRIs aka NERIs/NARIs), Dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DRIs), Opioids, Selective serotonin reuptake enhancers (SSREs), Novel antidepressants and Tetracyclic antidepressants.

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Antidiarrheals (Diarrhea relief)

Antidiarrheals are drugs used for the relief of diarrhea. There are two types: those that thicken the stool (Kaolin/pectin and bismuth subsalicylate ) and those that slow intestinal spasms (iphenoxylate/atropine, difenoxin/atropine, and loperamide).

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Antiemetics (Nausea relief)

Antiemetics treat nausea and vomiting. Antiemetics include 5HT3 receptor (type of serotonin receptor) antagonists, Dopamine antagonists, Antihistamines and Cannabinoids.

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Antifungals

Antifungals treat fungal infections that usually affect the hair, skin, nails, or mucous membranes. They can be divided into Polyene antimycotic Natamycin, Rimocidin); imidazole and triazole (Miconazole, Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole, etc); Allylamines ( Terbinafine, Amorolfine and Naftifine); Echinocandin (Anidulafungin, Caspofungin, etc) and others.

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Antihistamines (Anti-Allergen)

Antihistamines counteract the effects of histamine, chemical involved in allergic reactions.

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Antihypertensives (Blood Pressure Lower)

Antihypertensives lower blood pressure. Antihypertensives include diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blocker, ACE (angiotensin- converting enzyme) inhibitors, centrally acting antihypertensives and sympatholytics.

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Anti-Inflammatories

Anti-Inflammatories reduce inflammation and its symptoms like the redness, heat, swelling, and increased blood flow found in infections. Anti-Inflammatories include Aspirin, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Indomethacin, Ketoprofen, Naproxen, Tiaprofenic.

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Antineoplastics (Cancer drugs)

Antineoplastics are drugs that treat cancer i.e. to inhibit or prevent the growth or development of malignant cells. They include Alkylating Agents, Antibiotics, Antimetabolites and Antimitotic agents. Cytotoxics can be also used as antineoplastics.

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Antipsychotics (Major Tranquilizers)

Antipsychotics treat symptoms of severe psychiatric disorders. They are divided into typical (Phenothiazines and Butyrophenones), atypical (Clozapine, Olanzapine, Risperidone, etc) and Dopamine partial agonists (Aripiprazole).

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Antipyretics (Fever reducers)

Antipyretics reduce fever. The most common antipyretics are painkillers aspirin and acetaminophen.

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Antivirals

Antivirals treat viral infections or protect against influenza. Antivirals include Anti-herpesvirus agents(Aciclovir, Cidofovir, Docosanol, Famciclovir), Anti-influenza agents (Amantadine, Oseltamivir, Peramivir, Rimantadine, Zanamivir), Antiretroviral drugs and other.

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Barbiturates (Sleeping Drugs)

Barbiturates act as central nervous system (CNS) depressants, causing mild sedation to anesthesia. Some of the available barbiturates are: Amobarbital (Sodium Amytal; hypnotics), Aprobarbital (hypnotic), Butabarbital (hypnotics), Butalbital (Fiorinal; sedative), Hexobarbital (Sombulex; hypnotic/anesthetic), Methylphenobarbital (Mebaral; antianxiety, anticonvulsant), Pentobarbital (Nembutal; hypnotic), Phenobarbital (Luminal; hypnotic, sedative, anticonvulsant), Secobarbital (Seconal; hypnotic), Sodium thiopental, Talbutal (Lotusate; hypnotic) and Thiobarbital (anesthetic).

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Beta-Blockers

Beta blockers are used to treat high blood pressure and heart problems. Some beta blockers are Atenolol, Metoprolol and Propranolol.

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Bronchodilators

Bronchodilators open up the bronchial tubes within the lungs when the tubes have become narrowed by muscle spasms. Bronchodilators can be short acting or long acting. The most common bronchodilators are Ventolin, Primatene (epinephrine), Flixotide, Serevent, Accu-Hale, Albuterol.

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Corticosteroids (Hormonal preparations)

Corticosteroids are drugs related to cortisol, a hormone produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are used primarily as anti-inflammatories but could be also used for treating some malignancies or natural hormone deficiency. Corticosteroid Drugs Include: Betamethasone (Celestone), Budesonide (Entocort EC), Cortisone (Cortone), Dexamethasone (Decadron), Hydrocortisone (Cortef), Prednisolone (Prelone), Prednisone (Deltasone) and Triamcinolone (Kenacort, Kenalog).

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Cough Medicines: Suppressants & Expectorants

Cough suppressants may act centrally on the brain or locally on the respiratory tract in order to suppress the cough reflex. Some of the cough suppressants are dextromethorphan (DXM), noscapine, ethyl morphine and codeine. Expectorants thin the mucous that blocks the air tubes leading to the lungs. This makes the mucus easier to cough up. The most common expectorant is Guaifenesin.

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Decongestants (Swelling relievers)

Decongestants reduce swelling of the mucous membranes and relieve nasal congestion. Topical decongestants include ephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, Pseudoephedrine, Tramazoline and Xylometazoline. Pill form decongestants include pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine.There are also OTC nose sprays and drops.

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Immunosuppressives

Immunosuppressives prevent or reduce the body's normal reaction to invasion by disease or by foreign tissues. They are used for treating autoimmune diseases and to help prevent rejection of organ transplants. Zathioprine, adrenal corticosteroid hormones, and cyclosporin are the most widely used immunosuppressive drugs.

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Laxatives

Laxatives are drugs used to relieve constipation. Laxatives include bulk-forming laxatives, lubricants, stool softeners, saline laxatives, stimulant laxatives and combinations.

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Muscle Relaxants

Muscle Relaxants are drugs that relieve muscle spasm. Central acting muscle relaxants are Benzodiazepines and Methocarbamol. Smooth muscle relaxant is dicyclomine. There are several other skeletal muscle relaxants: Baclofen, Carisoprodol, Chlorzoxazone, Cyclobenzaprine, Dantrolene, Metaxalone, Orphenadrine, Pancuronium and Tizanidine.

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Prescription Stimulants

Prescription stimulants are drugs that improve states of alertness and wakefulness. They stimulate both central nervous system and sympathetic nervous system and often produce euphoric feelings. The stimulants are being used in pharmacology to treat narcolepsy and other sleep disorders and help patients suffering from ADD or ADHD. The most used stimulants are Ritalin, Concerta, Adderall and Adderall XR although there are some improved drugs called eugeroics. Modafinil and adrafinil, marketed as Provigil and Olmifon belong to this class.

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Other Drugs

You can use this forum if the drug you are looking for or providing information DOES NOT belong to any of the offered forums.

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